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Levantine Lives

Analyses

What the Christians of the Ottoman Holy Land lived through, subject by subject: sickness, school, war, money, numbers, faith, trade, trial. Each subject is read over the years, in the parish registers as much as in the court registers of Jerusalem, the printed works and the household censuses.

Last updated: 29 August 2026

Health

What did they live through when sickness passed?

From 1636 to 1799, 12 health crises pass through these towns. They are read here together: it is their return, more than any one of them, that tells what a life under the threat of plague was.

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Education

Where did people learn, and who paid for it?

A school is named 542 times across these three centuries, and 501 of those mentions come from the court of Jerusalem. It appears there through its walls, through the pious endowment that keeps it, and through its teacher's wages, almost never through its classroom.

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Army and wars

When did violence reach these towns?

4 episodes of war, siege or fighting reach these towns between 1740 and 1770. They fit within a single generation: that tightness says as much about the state of the sources as about the state of the country.

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Economy

What changed hands, and between whom?

11,723 matters of money and property are pleaded and signed across these three centuries: pious endowment, debt and credit, sale, lease, inheritance, gift. One matter may fall under two kinds, a sale on credit for instance, and then counts in each.

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Population

How many were they, and how long did they live?

The 1700s bring together the most people: 862 leave at least one written trace there, a count of attested people, not a census.

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Religions

How do allegiances read in the deeds?

Scribes name community or rite as the need arises: 13,035 entries out of 301,990 say it. What these registers show far better than belonging is practice.

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Trades

Which trades and offices do the deeds name?

The trade or standing of 62,900 people is written down. 48,490 of them, that is 77%, are not the priest holding the pen: the court of Jerusalem brings in offices and titles the parish never knew.

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Justice

What took people to court?

38,332 appearances are read in 21,692 matters brought before the qadi: the judge and his clerk, the two parties, the proxy, the guardian and his ward.

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Sources and method

What these analyses rest on

What each holding brings, decade by decade

Court registers

Parish registers

Printed works

Critical editions

Household censuses

The figures
DecadeCourt registersParish registersPrinted worksCritical editionsHousehold censuses
1500004170
15100017160
1520005280
15300010110
15401,090012240
15500118460
15600121320
15701018190
15800017410
15900015260
1600029510
16102,0287341045
16204,171633935315
16302,0542162887818
16401,9251534111514
16503,702187803412
16602,14434840377
16702,873613134914
16802579145393
1690592692710
17001,10483733820
171009531270845
172001,265143681
173001,75422287
174001,776418118
175002,280317134
176002,320016110
177002,0652823
178001,8891252
179001,79522130

45,909 deeds within the period carry a legible year; 6,784 carry none and enter no curve.

Baptisms, marriages and deaths, decade by decade

Transcription of the court registers and of the printed works is half way through and continues; the Ottoman fiscal censuses are under way and not yet released. The portfolios that live on these holdings will therefore grow, and the thinnest of today are not a verdict.

  • Every number on this page is recomputed at each publication, from the deeds themselves. None is written into the site.
  • A unit with no legible year is filed under no guessed decade: it leaves the count, and its absence is visible.
  • Measures that hold for one holding only say so in their title: the month of a court deed often comes from a calendar conversion and cannot be read as a season.

Corpus 3a17fbe26933+af2316, as of 29 August 2026

Lives connected. Sources revealed.